Date |
Australia |
International |
| 1623 |
|
|
| 1801 |
|
- Jacquard loom first used punched cards. France
|
| 1822 |
|
|
| 1843 |
|
|
| 1853 |
|
- Difference Engines sold by Scheutz. Sweden
|
| 1876 |
|
- Mechanical differential analyser invented by Thomson. UK
|
| 1890 |
|
- Hollerith Tabulating System processed punched card data. USA
|
| 1893 |
|
- Millionaire calculator. Switzerland
|
| 1906 |
|
- Vaccuum tube for radio. USA
|
| c.1920 |
- Totalisator - mechanical analog calculator, by George Julius (NZ/Aust) in WA
|
|
| 1930 |
|
- Differential Analyser - mechanical analog calculator, by Vannevar Bush at MIT. USA
|
| 1936 |
|
|
| 1937 |
|
- "Model K" relay adder built by George Stibitz in his kitchen. USA
- Atanasoff-Berry computer (not completed) at Iowa State. USA
|
| 1939 |
- Integraph - mechanical analog differential analyser - by David Myers at Sydney University
|
|
| 1941 |
|
- Z3 - relay computer, by Konrad Zuse. Germany
|
| 1943 |
|
- Colossus - electronic computer, by Tommy Flowers at Bletchley Park. The Colossus machine is a contender for the first computer. It was designed at Bletchley Park by Alan Turing and Tommy Flowers to break the WW2 German Lorenz cipher code. It was programmed with switches and cables, but it did not have a memory to store the program. UK
|
| 1945 |
|
- "First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC" published by John von Neumann at Moore School (possibly the first clear description of the modern computer). USA
- ENIAC - electronic computer, by Eckert and Mauchly at Moore School. USA
- First computer "bug" - a moth caught in a relay found by Grace Hopper. USA
|
| 1947 |
|
- Transistor invented at Bell Labs. USA
|
| 1948 |
|
- SSEM (or Baby) - valve computer, by Freddie Williams and Tom Kilburn at University of Manchester (the first modern computer). UK
|
| 1949 |
- CSIR Mk.1 (later CSIRAC) first run of incomplete machine.
|
- EDSAC - valve computer, by Maurice Wilkes at Cambridge (the first practical modern computer). UK [another link]
- BINAC - valve computer, by Eckert and Mauchly. USA
- Core memory invented by Jay Forrester, MIT. USA
|
| 1950 |
|
- SEAC - valve computer USA
- ERA 1101 - parallel valve computer USA
- Pilot ACE valve computer, a unique design by Turing at NPL UK
|
| 1951 |
|
- Univac 1 - commercial valve computer, by Eckert and Mauchly. USA
- Ferranti Mark 1 commercial valve computer, based on the SSEM. UK
- LEO commercial version of EDSAC UK
- "The preparation of programmes for an electronic digital computer" by Wilkes, Wheeler & Gill, the first programming text, Cambridge UK
- MESM - Russia's official first valve computer, by Lebedev at the Institute for Precise Mechanics and Computer Technology. USSR
- M-1 - Russia's first valve computer, by Brouk at the Power Institute. USSR
|
| 1952 |
|
- IAS Computer, ILLIAC - valve computer, by von Neumann etc at IAS. USA
- NICHOLAS - Elliott Bros' first valve computer. UK
- ARRA II the Netherlands first valve computer, by Loopstra at the Amsterdam Mathematical Centre. Netherlands
|
| 1953 |
|
- Whirlwind - valve real-time computer, by Jay Forrester at MIT. USA
- TREAC parallel valve computer at TRE. UK
- Manchester transistor computer. UK
|
| 1954 |
|
- TRADIC transistor plugboard computer, by Bell Labs. USA
- MEG with possibly the first floating point arithmetic, at Manchester. UK
|
| 1955 |
|
- DEUCE - a commercial version of the Pilot ACE by English Electric. UK
|
| 1956 |
- SILLIAC - valve computer version of IAS by Brian Swires at Sydney University.
- UTECOM - valve computer - (English Electric DEUCE) at University of NSW.
- WREDAC - valve computer - (Elliott 403) at Weapons Research Establishment, SA.
|
- Librascope LGP-30 - valve computer. USA
- Bendix G-15 - valve computer (version of DEUCE) USA
- PEGASUS valve computer by Ferranti. UK
- FUJIC - Japan's first valve computer, Fuji Photo Film. Japan
- TX-0 transistor computer at MIT. USA
|
| 1957 |
- GEORGE language using reverse polish, zero address notation for UTECOM, by Hamblin, UNSW.
|
- Fortran by Jim Backus at IBM USA
|
| 1959 |
- ADA - transistor differential analyser - by Murray Allen at CSIRO.
| |
| 1960 |
- SNOCOM - transistor computer, by David Wong & Murray Allen at CSIRO/Sydney University.
- ATROPOS a version of TREAC built at WRE, SA.
- ARCTURUS - transistor computer - by David Wong etc at Sydney University.
|
- IBM 7090 - transistor mainframe. USA
- DEC PDP-1 - the first minicomputer sold for US$120,000. It was transistorised and the first commercial computer equipped with a keyboard and monitor. USA
|
| 1962 |
- CIRRUS - transistor computer - by Allen, Pearcey etc at Adelaide University.
|
- Ferranti Atlas - transistor mainframe (with virtual memory and an operating system). UK
|
| 1963 |
- CSIROnet started by Pearcey at CSIRO
|
- ASCII standard
- Burroughs B5000 zero address computer. USA
- KDF9 zero address computer (inspired by UNSW GEORGE), by English Electric. UK
|
| 1964 |
|
- CDC 6600 - "1st supercomputer" ... USA
- RCA Spectra - first IC computer (IBM 360 copy) USA
- BASIC programming language invented at Dartmouth College. UK
- ICL 1900 series. UK
|
| 1965 |
|
- IBM 360 (announced in 1964) USA
|
| 1967 |
|
|
| 1969 |
|
- Data General Nova - 1st medium scale IC. USA
- ARPAnet started by DoD USA
- Unix written at Bell Labs USA
|
| 1970 |
|
|
| 1971 |
|
- Intel 4004 - 4 bit microprocessor IC USA
|
| 1972 |
|
- HP-35 pocket calculator. USA
- ILLIAC IV - first multi-processor computer, at University of Illinois (a non von Neumann computer) USA
|
| 1973 |
|
- Xerox Alto - first bitmapped graphics, mouse & ethernet. USA
|
| 1974 |
|
- Intel 8080 - improved 8 bit microprocessor integrated circuit chip. USA
|
| 1975 |
|
- MITS Altair 8800 - based on Intel 8080 USA
|
| 1976 |
|
- Cray-1 - first vector super computer. USA
- CP/M operating system by Kildall. USA
|
| 1977 |
- First "port" of UNIX - to an Interdata machine, University of Wollongong
|
- Tandy TRS-80 - based on Intel 8080. USA
- Commodore PET - based on MOS Technology 6502. USA
- Apple ][ - based on MOS Technology 6502. USA
|
| 1978 |
|
|
| 1979 |
|
- Visicalc - first spreadsheet, for Apple ][ USA
|
| 1981 |
- Bassernet - UNIX local area network at Sydney University
|
- Osborne computer - first portable. USA
- IBM PC - based on Intel 8086 USA
|
| 1982 |
|
|
| 1983 |
|
- Tandy TRS-80 Model 100 - first laptop. USA
|
| 1984 |
|
|
| 1989 |
- The Internet connected to Australia through MUNARRI at Melbourne University
|
|
| 1990 |
|
- World Wide Web designed with URLs, HTTP & HTML by Berners-Lee. Europe
- Microsoft Windows 3.0 USA
|
| 1993 |
|
- Intel Pentium processor. USA
- NCSA Mosaic - the first graphical web browser. USA
|